Joshua Sone

As one of the most abundant cell types in the brain, oligodendrocytes and the myelin sheaths they form are significantly important for neural function; whereby they provide neurons with trophic support and enable rapid neural communication. In MS, oligodendrocytes and the myelin sheath are targeted by an autoimmune response, causing inflammation and neurodegeneration. This neurodegeneration results in the varied and case-specific symptoms of MS, including fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, visual disruption and depression, among others. Current treatment for MS is limited to immunosuppressants, which have varying effectiveness and significant side effects, including vulnerability to infection and neurotoxicity.

The administration of rTMS in mice has been found, over the last decade, to increase the survival, maturation and remyelination capacity of oligodendrocytes, leading researchers to believe rTMS could be a potential treatment option for MS. To investigate this further, human trials are currently being carried out in the magneTic brAin stimUlation foR people with mUltiple Sclerosis (TAURUS) trial, spearheaded by the Glial Research Team at the Menzies Institute for Medical Research, headed by Prof Kaylene Young; in association with the Brain Plasticity Lab at the University of Western Australia, headed by A/Prof Jennifer Rodger. While the TAURUS trial is ongoing, the mechanism of rTMS-mediated oligodendrocyte alterations, at the cellular level, is not known. Josh’s PhD will thus examine this mechanistic relationship and determine whether rTMS acts directly upon oligodendrocytes and/or through an indirect glial crosstalk-mediated pathway. This information can then be used to inform and improve ongoing human trials of rTMS treatment in Multiple Sclerosis (MS).